Hebei Juliang Technology Co., Ltd. is one of the leading manufacturers and suppliers of plasma cutter machine in China. Please feel free to buy CE approved machinery made in China here from our factory. All customized machines are with high quality and competitive price.

Product Definition

A plasma cutter is a thermal cutting system that uses an electrically charged gas, ionized into plasma, to cut through conductive metals. It works by creating an electrical arc between the torch's electrode and the workpiece. Compressed gas, like air or nitrogen, is forced through the torch and ionized by the arc into plasma, reaching temperatures around 30,000°F. This plasma stream is then focused by a nozzle, directing a high-energy beam onto the metal. The extreme heat melts the metal, and the fast-moving gas blows the molten material out of the cut. The machine has four main parts: a constant current DC power supply, a plasma torch with replaceable parts (electrode, nozzle, swirl ring, shield), a gas system, and a CNC controller for automated cutting. This method can cut various conductive metals, including carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, and brass.

types of CNC machining

1. Pilot Arc Ignition

A high-frequency, high-voltage pulse from the power supply ionizes the gas inside the torch, creating a pilot arc. This initial arc is low-current and sets up a conductive path until the torch gets close to the metal.
2. Arc Transfer

Once the torch is at the correct distance from the workpiece (usually 3–8mm, system-dependent), the pilot arc jumps to the metal, completing the circuit. The main cutting current then takes over, and the power supply shifts to cutting mode.
3. Cutting Arc Stability

A DC power supply maintains a steady current to keep the arc going. The arc stays stable as long as the torch stays at the right height and the gas flows correctly.
4. Gas Function

Compressed gas is essential for both creating the plasma and blowing away melted metal. Keeping the gas pressure and flow rate within the recommended limits is crucial. Too little pressure means incomplete metal removal, while too much can quickly wear down the electrode.
5. CNC Automation

For automated setups, a CNC controller follows G-code instructions for the cutting path, speed, and torch height. It coordinates the movement of motors, power adjustments, height control, and gas flow.

Cutting Parameters

Cutting Current

Controls cutting speed and the thickness of material that can be cut. Too high a current results in a wider kerf and more dross. (Adjusts energy input.)
Cutting Speed

Determines how fast the torch moves. The right speed balances a good cut with efficiency. Going too fast leads to incomplete cuts and drag lines; too slow causes dross on the bottom.
Gas Pressure

Affects how well molten metal is cleared. The best pressure varies by material, thickness, and nozzle. Not enough pressure leaves dross, while too much wears out consumables faster.
Torch Height

Impacts arc voltage and the overall cut quality. The ideal distance from the material depends on the metal type and thickness. Incorrect height leads to inconsistent cuts and quicker wear on consumables.

Credential

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Everything You Need to Know

What is the maximum thickness a plasma cutter can cut?

Maximum thickness depends on power supply output current. A 65A system cuts up to approximately 20mm on carbon steel. Higher current systems (200A+) cut up to 65mm or more-. Severance cuts can reach 60mm or greater. Thickness capability on stainless steel and aluminum is typically 15–25% lower than carbon steel-.

Can a plasma cutter cut non-conductive materials?

No. Plasma cutting requires electrically conductive materials because the electrical arc must pass through the workpiece to complete the circuit. Non-conductive materials such as wood, plastic, glass, and rubber cannot be cut with plasma. Oxy-fuel cutting or laser cutting are alternatives for non-conductive materials.

How often should plasma cutting consumables be replaced?

Consumable life depends on cutting current, gas type, and material. Electrodes and nozzles typically require replacement after 1–4 hours of arc-on time at high current. Visual inspection is the primary method: replace the electrode when the hafnium pit exceeds the recommended depth-; replace the nozzle when the orifice becomes out-of-round-. The swirl ring should be replaced approximately every fifth electrode replacement-.

Can a plasma cutter be integrated with a CNC table?

Yes. Most mechanized plasma cutting systems are designed for CNC integration-. The CNC controller executes G-code programs, coordinates axis movements, and interfaces with the power supply and torch height controller-. CNC integration enables automated cutting of complex shapes, repeatable production, and higher throughput.