Laser welding machines, also known as laser welders or laser arc welding machines, are welding devices that utilize high-energy laser beams for material processing. They are primarily used in automotive manufacturing, electronics, biomedicine, and mold repair. By focusing the laser to heat the material and form a molten pool, they feature a small heat-affected zone, minimal welding deformation, and a high degree of automation. They are suitable for various processes, including spot welding and lap welding of thin-walled materials and precision parts.
Based on their operating mode, these machines can be categorized into handheld, automatic, and galvanometer-type models. Core components include a laser generator, fiber optic transmission system, cooling system, and control system. Handheld designs enhance operational flexibility, making them suitable for on-site repairs and small-batch production. Some models integrate air-cooling systems to improve portability. Parameters such as laser power density, pulse waveform, and defocusing are adjustable. A negative defocusing configuration increases weld depth to accommodate different material requirements. Laser welding does not require contact with the workpiece, making it environmentally friendly, clean, and producing stable weld quality. However, it demands high assembly precision and has a relatively high equipment cost. With technological advancements, the equipment is developing towards intelligent and automated applications, and is being integrated with robotics, 3D printing, and other processes.